What is NKCC2?

What is NKCC2?

NKCC2 is found specifically in the kidney, where it serves to extract sodium, potassium, and chloride from the urine so that they can be reabsorbed into the blood.

Is NKCC2 a ATPase?

A positive electrochemical potential is maintained in the lumen via apical renal outer medullary potassium channels sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporters (NKCC2), and the basolateral sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (NaK-ATPase), which facilitates paracellular reabsorption of calcium, magnesium, and sodium.

Where is NKCC2?

The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2; BSC1) is located in the apical membrane of the epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TAL). NKCC2 facilitates ∼20–25% of the reuptake of the total filtered NaCl load.

What do NKCC channels do?

The Na–K–Cl co-transporter NKCC1 uses the Na+ gradient to accumulate chloride into the cell. It is broadly expressed and involved in different cellular processes including transepithelial ion transport, cell volume regulation, and intracellular chloride homeostasis.

Does sodium react with potassium chloride?

Although potassium is more electropositive than sodium, KCl can be reduced to the metal by reaction with metallic sodium at 850 °C because the more volatile potassium can be removed by distillation (see Le Chatelier’s principle): KCl(l) + Na(l) ⇌ NaCl(l) + K.

Which drug blocks the Na K Cl transporter?

Loop or high-ceiling diuretics, including furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide, reversibly inhibit the sodium-potassium-two chloride cotransporter at the luminal thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, therefore inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions.

Where is the Na +/ K +/ 2Cl transporter found?

What type of enzyme is ATPase?

ATPases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP). They harness the energy released from the breakdown of the phosphate bond and utilize it to perform other cellular reactions.

Where would you find NKCC transporters in an animal?

NKCC1 and NKCC2 are two members of NKCC family and NKCC2 is exclusively present on the thick ascending limb of Henle in the kidneys [6, 7]. However, NKCC1 is widely distributed in various types of tissues including stomach, heart, skeletal muscle, lungs, brain and also in kidney [8].

Why do doctors prescribe potassium chloride?

Potassium chloride is used to prevent or to treat low blood levels of potassium (hypokalemia). Potassium levels can be low as a result of a disease or from taking certain medicines, or after a prolonged illness with diarrhea or vomiting.

Is potassium chloride bad for your heart?

Avoid taking potassium supplements or products that contain potassium when you’re on potassium chloride medication. You might end up with too much potassium in the blood, leading to health complications like irregular heartbeats or a heart attack.

How does the NKCC2 cotransporter affect potassium secretion?

The action of these loop diuretics also reduces potassium reabsorption through the NKCC2 cotransporter and consequently increases tubular flow rate which enhances potassium secretion and emphasises the hypokalaemic effect. Impaired sodium reabsorption increases diuresis by three mechanisms:

What kind of ions does the NKCC protein transport?

NKCC proteins are membrane transport proteins that transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across the cell membrane.

How does loss of function in NKCC2 cause Bartter syndrome?

A loss of function mutation of NKCC2 produces Bartter syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with normal to low blood pressure. The energy required to move solutes across the cell membrane is provided by the electrochemical gradient of sodium.

Which is an intermediate distribution of NKCC2A isoform?

The NKCC2A isoform shows an intermediate distribution and affinity for sodium. In this way, NKCC2 is able to function properly along the range of sodium concentrations found along the thick ascending limb. ^ Haas M (October 1994).