Is splenomegaly seen in kala azar?

Is splenomegaly seen in kala azar?

The classical presentation of Kala Azar includes fever, asthenia, weight loss, anemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and sometimes adenopathy Splenomegaly appears early and is almost invariably present. Spleen size increases gradually in relation to the duration of the disease.

What is Montenegro test?

The Montenegro skin test is a decisive method for the diagnosis of older leishmanial lesions and mucosal lesions, when the number of parasites is low and therefore, difficult to detect. The test is also useful for follow-up in vaccination programs (W Mayrink et al.

How is visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed?

Leishmaniasis is diagnosed by detecting Leishmania parasites (or DNA) in tissue specimens—such as from skin lesions, for cutaneous leishmaniasis (see instructions), or from bone marrow, for visceral leishmaniasis (see note below)—via light-microscopic examination of stained slides, molecular methods, and specialized …

Why it is called kala-azar?

The term “kala-azar” comes from India where it is the Hindi for black fever. The disease is also known as Indian leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, leishmania infection, dumdum fever, black sickness, and black fever.

Which is responsible for kala-azar?

Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases.

What is the capital of Montenegro?

Podgorica
Montenegro/Capitals

Montenegro’s administrative capital is Podgorica, though its cultural centre is the historical capital and older city of Cetinje. For much of the 20th century Montenegro was a part of Yugoslavia, and from 2003 to 2006 it was a component of the federated union of Serbia and Montenegro.

Where is visceral leishmaniasis most commonly found?

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases. It is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. Most cases occur in Brazil, East Africa and in India.

Which disease is kala-azar?

How is the diagnosis and treatment of kala azar?

Diagnosis and treatment of Kala-azar are problematic because of a variety of reasons. While treatment is lengthy and relatively costly, definitive diagnosis of Kala-azar requires tissue specimens, which are conventionally obtained by organ needle aspiration for microscopic demonstration of amastigote forms in stained smears.

What is the cause of kala azar dermal leishmaniasis?

Kala-Azar is a slow progressing indigenous disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. The parasite primarily infects the reticulo-endothelial system and may be found in abundance in bone marrow, spleen and liver. Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)

Which is protozoan parasite causes kala-azar disease?

Kala-Azar is a slow progressing indigenous disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania.

Which is the vector of kala azar in India?

There is only one sand fly vector of Kala-Azar in India i.e. Phlebotomus argentipes. Sand flies are small insects, about one fourth of the size of a mosquito. The length of a sand fly body ranges from 1.5 to 3.5 mm. Sand flies breed in high relative humidity, warm temperature, high subsoil water and abundance of vegetation.