What are the major risk factors of tuberculosis?
What are the major risk factors of tuberculosis?
Diabetes, alcohol, malnutrition, tobacco smoke, and indoor air pollution are factors which impact a larger section of the population and accelerate progression to TB disease. This paper aims to summarize the risk factors which contribute to TB infection and disease at both individual and population level.
What are the associated risk factors with TB in public health?
History of excessive alcohol, injecting drug users, and smokers. These are risk factors for developing active TB.
What are the three causes of tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air. This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings.
Where is TB a risk?
TB Risk Factors People from a country where TB disease is common (most countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Russia) People who live or work in high-risk settings (for example: correctional facilities, long-term care facilities or nursing homes, and homeless shelters)
What is the main reason of tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It’s spread when a person with active TB disease in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain TB bacteria.
What factors cause TB?
The risk factors for acquiring TB include close-contact situations, alcohol and IV drug abuse, and certain diseases (for example, diabetes, cancer, and HIV) and occupations (for example, health-care workers).
What contributes to the spread of TB in communities?
Which person has the highest risk of developing tuberculosis TB )?
People at high risk for progression to TB disease once infected include: Persons with human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection. Persons who were infected with M. tuberculosis within the past 2 years, particularly infants and very young children.
Who should be screened for TB?
People seeking care who may be eligible for TB screening include people with medical conditions that constitute risk factors for TB (such as people living with HIV and people with diabetes mellitus) who may seek care for reasons other than symptoms compatible with TB.
Is ambient air pollution Another risk factor of tuberculosis?
While there is consistent evidence that indoor air pollution exposure is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis, a few recent observational studies with mixed findings investigated the effects of ambient air pollutants on the seasonality or risk of tuberculosis.
How is HIV infection increases the risk of tuberculosis?
HIV weakens the immune system, increasing the risk of TB in people with HIV. Infection with both HIV and TB is called HIV/TB coinfection. Untreated latent TB infection is more likely to advance to TB disease in people with HIV than in people without HIV.
How serious is tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease that can be fatal if not treated. Antibiotics can cure TB in most cases, but patients must be careful to take all medication as directed so that no TB bacteria survive to make them sick again.