What causes increased alpha-2 globulin?
What causes increased alpha-2 globulin?
Alpha2 macroglobulin levels may be raised in nephrotic syndrome and haptoglobin levels are increased in stress, infection, inflammation, and tissue necrosis. Haptoglobin levels may be decreased in haemolytic conditions.
What is serum protein electrophoresis used for?
Serum protein electrophoresis is used to identify patients with multiple myeloma and other serum protein disorders. Electrophoresis separates proteins based on their physical properties, and the subsets of these proteins are used in interpreting the results.
What are beta-2 globulins?
The beta-2-globulin fraction represents the total of the complement C3 and IgA, two proteins with widely different functions. C3 or complement C3 is a liver protein involved in the “complement pathway”, which is a normal defensive mechanism.
What happens if globulin is high?
High levels may indicate infection, inflammatory disease or immune disorders. High globulin levels may also indicate certain types of cancer, such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin’s disease, or malignant lymphoma. However, abnormal results may be due to certain medications, dehydration, or other factors.
Why is electrophoresis test done?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis measures hemoglobin levels and looks for abnormal types of hemoglobin. It’s most often used to help diagnose anemia, sickle cell disease, and other hemoglobin disorders.
What is a normal beta-2 microglobulin level?
Urine beta2 microglobulin values indicate renal filtration disorders. Measurement of values in both serum and urine can help distinguish a problem of cellular activation from a renal disorder. Normal findings : Blood: 0.70-1.80 mcg/mL.
Is beta-2 microglobulin the same as beta globulin?
Beta globulins are a group of globular proteins in plasma that are more mobile in alkaline or electrically charged solutions than gamma globulins, but less mobile than alpha globulins. Examples of beta globulins include: beta-2 microglobulin.
What does a high beta 1 globulin mean?
High alpha-1 globulin: Infection; inflammation. High alpha-2 globulin: Inflammation; kidney disease. High beta globulin: Very high cholesterol; low iron (iron-deficiency anemia)
What does low globulin indicate?
Low globulin levels can be a sign of liver or kidney disease. High levels may indicate infection, inflammatory disease or immune disorders. High globulin levels may also indicate certain types of cancer, such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin’s disease, or malignant lymphoma.
How are globulins represented in serum electrophoresis?
Globulins comprise a much smaller fraction of the total serum protein but represent the primary focus of interpretation of serum protein electrophoresis. Five globulin categories are represented: alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2, and gamma, with the gamma fraction being closest to the negative electrode (see the image below).
What are the optimal results for beta 1 globulin?
Beta-1-Globulin, Serum Optimal Result: 0.4 – 0.6 g/dL. Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is an easy, inexpensive method of separating proteins based on their net charge, size, and shape. The 2 major types of protein present in the serum are albumin and the globulin proteins.
What causes a rise in gamma protein electrophoresis?
Liver disease, autoimmune disease, chronic viral or bacterial infections and various malignancies may cause a polyclonal rise in the gamma fraction (see Table 2 below). Polyclonal pattern serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP).
What does decreased beta globulin in serum mean?
Decreased beta globulin proteins may indicate: Abnormally low level of LDL cholesterol
