What is formed from hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids?

What is formed from hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids?

Trans fats are the result of a side reaction with the catalyst of the hydrogenation process. This is the result of an unsaturated fat which is normally found as a cis isomer converts to a trans isomer of the unsaturated fat.

What does hydrogenation do to fatty acids?

Since the process of hydrogenation adds hydrogen atoms to oil, it will reduce the number of unsaturated fatty acids and increase the number of saturated fatty acids in the oil.

What are fats created by hydrogenation called?

1 Hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is a chemical process that adds hydrogen to the unsaturated bonds on the FA chains attached to the TAG backbone. In this way, an unsaturated fat can be turned into a saturated fat and increase its melting point (List and King, 2006).

How are unsaturated fatty acids named?

Unsaturated Fatty Acids Unsaturated fatty acid carbon chains contain one or more double bonds with a terminal carboxylic group (–COOH), unlike saturated fatty acids, which contain no double bonds. The IUPAC name for an 18-carbon fatty acid with a double bond at position 9 is called octadec-9-enoic acid.

What is an unsaturated fat example?

There are two main types of unsaturated fat: Monounsaturated fat. This is found in olive, canola, peanut, sunflower and safflower oils, and in avocados, peanut butter and most nuts. It’s also are part of most animal fats such as fats from chicken, pork and beef.

What is called hydrogenation?

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and other compounds and elements. Hydrogenation is used in many applications such as the food industry, petrochemical industry and the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.

How does hydrogenation increase the shelf life of fats?

Hydrogenation is used by the food industry to extend shelf life by making fats less prone to rancidity – a phenomenon by which free radicals attack the double bond between carbon atoms. It also increases the fat’s melting point, making the product more suitable for frying.

What are the harmful effects of hydrogenation?

Hydrogenated vegetable oils’ trans fats have been shown to harm heart health. Studies reveal that trans fats can increase levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol while decreasing good HDL (good) cholesterol, both of which are risk factors for heart disease ( 12 ).

What is the purpose of hydrogenating unsaturated fats?

The degree of hydrogenation is controlled by restricting the amount of hydrogen, reaction temperature and time, and the catalyst. The goal is to turn liquid oils into solid or semi-solid fats that can replace butter and shortening in spreads, candies, baked good, and other products.

What are the 4 classes of unsaturated fatty acids?

Structure and classification of unsaturated fatty acids

• monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), if only one double bond is present;
• polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), if at least two double bonds are present;
• acetylenic fatty acids, if one or more triple bonds are present.

Is an example of unsaturated fatty acid?

Examples of unsaturated fats are myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid.

Why are unsaturated fatty acids converted to hydrogen?

The process was originally introduced to convert some of the unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils, as well as marine or animal fats to make them more stable to oxidation. In this process, the unsaturated double bonds (see Chapter 2) in the fatty acids of the oil molecules react with hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalyst.

What happens to trans fat in partial hydrogenation?

Trans Fat: When naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are altered by partial hydrogenation, they are converted to saturated fatty acids, which have the effect of straightening the chains and changing the physical properties.

What happens to unsaturated oils during hydrogenation?

The degree of hydrogenation of unsaturated oils controls the final consistency of the product. What has happened to the healthfulness of the product which has been converted from unsaturated to saturated fats? A major health concern during the hydrogenation process is the production of trans fats.

Which is the most easily hydrogenated fatty acid?

The most unsaturated fatty acid groups are most easily hydrogenated and thus react first with the hydrogen if conditions are right. Copper-containing catalysts are especially selective in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils.