What is the role of an alkyltransferase?

What is the role of an alkyltransferase?

DNA alkyltransferases belong to the group of DNA repair enzymes that repair DNA by damage reversal. This occurs in a one step reaction without excising the alkylated base from DNA.

What is alkyltransferase?

Definition. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells a group of DNA repair proteins, termed DNA alkyltransferases, have evolved that are capable of repairing DNA by damage reversal. As the repair enzyme is used up during the repair reaction, alkyltransferase repair proteins are considered as suicide enzymes.

What does base excision repair fix?

Base excision repair (BER): A pathway for processing small base adducts, inappropriate or oxidized bases, and DNA single-strand breaks. BER is the most versatile among excision repair pathways, and is responsible for repairing most endogenous lesions like oxidized bases and AP sites, as well as DNA single-strand breaks …

What does DNA glycosylase do?

DNA glycosylases play a key role in the elimination of such DNA lesions; they recognize and excise damaged bases, thereby initiating a repair process that restores the regular DNA structure with high accuracy.

What is the first step in base excision repair?

The repair process takes place in five core steps: (1) excision of the base, (2) incision, (3) end processing, and (4) repair synthesis, including gap filling and ligation. Figure 3. Structural basis for interaction of BER enzymes with their DNA substrates.

What happens if base excision repair does not work?

This condition is caused by mutations affecting the nucleotide excision repair pathway. When this pathway doesn’t work, thymine dimers and other forms of UV damage can’t be repaired.

What does DNA glycosylase remove?

DNA glycosylases recognize and remove damaged bases from DNA by cleaving the base–sugar (N-glycosylic) bond, and downstream base excision repair enzymes restore the correct nucleotide. DNA glycosylases are also important for transcriptional regulation and immunity.

Which bond’s are cleaved by Glycosylase?

Mechanism. Uracil-DNA glycosylases are DNA repair enzymes that excise uracil residues from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosydic bond, initiating the base excision repair pathway.

Does base excision cause mutations?

Lesions processed by BER These modifications can affect the ability of the base to hydrogen-bond, resulting in incorrect base-pairing, and, as a consequence, mutations in the DNA.

How many types of excision repair systems are known?

Three different types of excision repair have been characterized: nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and mismatch repair.

How are functional groups related to parent alkanes?

The same functional group will behave in a similar fashion, by undergoing similar reactions, regardless of the compound of which it is a part. Functional groups also play an important part in organic compound nomenclature; combining the names of the functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes provides a way to distinguish compounds.

What are the functional groups of secondary alcohols?

Primary alcohols can be shown in text as: RCH2OH Secondary alcohols have an -OH function attached to a R2CH- group. Secondary alcohols can be oxidised to ketones. Secondary alcohols can be shown in text as: R2CHOH Tertiary alcohols have an -OH function attached to a R3C- group.

What is the role of functional groups in organic chemistry?

The Role of Functional Groups In organic chemistry, a functional group is a specific group of atoms or bonds within a compound that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that compound. The same functional group will behave in a similar fashion, by undergoing similar reactions, regardless of the compound of which it is a part.

What do you call an alkyl chain with two identical groups?

If the two alkyl groups are identical, the ether is called di[alkyl] ether. For example, diethyl ether is the ether with an ethyl group on each side of the oxygen atom. The other way of naming ethers is the formal, IUPAC method. This way, the form is: [short alkyl chain][oxy][long alkyl chain].